Deficiency of Vitamin B5 hasn't been studied adequately because deficiency is very rare.

Deficiency of Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) can cause following symptoms:

• fatigue
• headaches
• allergies
• cardiac instability
• nausea
• abdominal pain
• sleep disturbance
• neurological disorders

The recommended dosage of pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) is:

• infants 0-6 months 1.7 mg per day
• infants 7-12 months 2 mg per day
• children 4-8 years 3 mg per day
• children 9-13.5 years 4 mg per day
• adolescents 14-18 years 5 mg per day
• adults (male and female) 5 mg per day
• pregnant women 6 mg per day
• lactating women 7 mg per day

Pantothenic acid are found in most foods.

Following foods are most rich in Vitamin B5:

• whole grain
• eggs
• brewer’s yeast
• beef
• kidney
• nuts
• liver
• pork
• fresh vegetables
• saltwater fish
• legumes
• mushrooms
• royal jelly
• torula yeast
• whole rye flour

Vitamin B5 is not toxic in high dosage.

Intake exceeding 10g/day can cause:

• diarrhea
• water retention
• digestive disturbances
• increased teeth sensitivity

Vitamin B5 also known as pantothenic acid is water-soluble vitamin, essential nutrient.

Pantothenic acid is essential for:

• secretion of hormones (cortisone, adrenal gland support)
• metabolism of carbohydrates (like most B group vitamins)
• metabolism and synthesis of fats, proteins
• synthesis of CoA (coenzyme A)

Vitamin B5 was discovered by R.J. Williams about 1919. In 1933, it was isolated from yeast.